Arteries Of Gutteral Pouh

The blood to the horse s brain is supplied by the occipital and vertebral arteries but also mainly by the.

Arteries of gutteral pouh.

Guttural pouch mycosis is a rare but very serious disease in horses. Ligation of the internal carotid artery of the cardiac side of the lesion is an effective means of reducing the chance of fatal epistaxis in cases of guttural pouch mycosis. Air pressure varies with phase and forcefulness of respiration and the artery in the mucosal fold is exposed sufficiently to be affected. The function of guttural pouches is largely unknown however hypotheses have been put forward.

It is caused by a fungus that infects the lining of the guttural pouch usually on the roof of the guttural pouch. Clinical signs of important guttural pouch diseases are referable to injury of specific nerves and arteries in the guttural pouch and acoustic system. It may influence internal carotid artery blood pressure. Fungal plaque is usually located in the medial guttural pouch near the internal carotid artery.

Guttural pouch mycosis gpm is a fungal disease that is rare but potentially life threatening. Some cases of pharyngeal hemiplegia can make a complete recovery althouhh it may take 12 to 18 months. Clinical signs include intermittent purulent nasal discharge painful swelling in the parotid area and in severe cases stiff head carriage and stertorous breathing. The role played by the guttural pouches in the horse is still incompletely known but major advancements have been made by the works of baptiste and coworkers suggesting a major role of the guttural pouch in a brain cooling mechanism 8 9.

The infection can cause some deep damage to the arteries and nerves. Guttural pouch empyema is defined as the accumulation of purulent septic exudate in the guttural pouch. Guttural pouch mycosis is a fungal infection in the guttural pouch caused by a common fungi that most all horses carry. The vestibulocochlear nerve cn viii does not enter the guttural pouch directly but may be involved in guttural pouch diseases that affect the middle ear such as temporohyoid osteoarthropathy.

The fungus has an affinity for growing on the surface of the guttural pouch overlying the nerves and arteries. Only two of these survived of which one remained slightly dysphagic. Cerebral blood cooling mechanism. Fungal plaques form within the guttural pouches most commonly along the walls of the major blood vessels internal carotid external carotid and maxillary arteries figure 3.

Gpm is of unknown pathogenesis currently and no predisposing factors have been identified. The capacity of guttural pouches in adult horses is 472 12 4 ml and the lateral compartment is approximately one third of the capacity of the medial compartment.